Create a basic calculator that can add, subtract, multiply, and divide.

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Building Blocks of the Calculator

1. Operations: The calculator supports the following operations:
   • Addition
   • Subtraction
   • Multiplication
   • Division
   • Modulus
   • Exponentiation
2. Functions: Each operation is encapsulated in its own function, making the code modular and reusable.
3. User Interface: A simple text-based menu allows users to select an operation and input numbers.
4. Input Handling: The program accepts user input for operation selection and the numbers to be used. It includes error handling for invalid inputs.
5. Loop: The calculator runs in a loop, allowing multiple calculations until the user decides to quit.

Inputs and Outputs

Here’s how each part works with inputs and outputs:

Addition

• Function: add(x, y)
• Input: Two numbers, e.g., 10 and 5.
• Output: The sum, e.g., 15.0.

Subtraction

• Function: subtract(x, y)
• Input: Two numbers, e.g., 10 and 5.
• Output: The difference, e.g., 5.0.

Multiplication

• Function: multiply(x, y)
• Input: Two numbers, e.g., 10 and 5.
• Output: The product, e.g., 50.0.

Division

• Function: divide(x, y)
• Input: Two numbers, e.g., 10 and 5.
• Output: The quotient, e.g., 2.0.
• Special Case: Division by zero returns an error message, e.g., "Error: Division by zero".

Modulus

• Function: modulus(x, y)
• Input: Two numbers, e.g., 10 and 5.
• Output: The remainder, e.g., 0.0.

Exponentiation

• Function: exponentiate(x, y)
• Input: Two numbers, e.g., 10 and 2.
• Output: The result of raising x to the power of y, e.g., 100.0.

User Interface Example

Below is an example session to illustrate how the user interacts with the calculator:

• Menu Display:

Welcome to the basic calculator!Select operation:1. Add2. Subtract3. Multiply4. Divide5. Modulus6. Exponentiate

• User Input
  • Operation Choice: Enter choice (1/2/3/4/5/6) or 'q' to quit: 1
  • First Number: Enter first number: 10
  • Second Number: Enter second number: 5

• Output:

10.0 + 5.0 = 15.0

• Repeat or Quit:
  • To perform another calculation, the user can select another operation.
  • To exit, the user can enter ‘q’.

Example Code Execution

The calculator continues to prompt for input until the user decides to quit. Below is a sample run with various operations:

Welcome to the basic calculator!Select operation:1. Add2. Subtract3. Multiply4. Divide5. Modulus6. ExponentiateEnter choice (1/2/3/4/5/6) or 'q' to quit: 3Enter first number: 7Enter second number: 87.0 * 8.0 = 56.0Enter choice (1/2/3/4/5/6) or 'q' to quit: 4Enter first number: 10Enter second number: 0Error: Division by zeroEnter choice (1/2/3/4/5/6) or 'q' to quit: 6Enter first number: 2Enter second number: 32.0 ^ 3.0 = 8.0Enter choice (1/2/3/4/5/6) or 'q' to quit: qExiting calculator. Goodbye!

This simple calculator provides a foundation that you can extend with more advanced features, such as handling complex numbers, adding more mathematical functions, or creating a graphical user interface (GUI).

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